Structure-preserving Extraction Without Traces

A theory of unbounded dependency constructions, couched in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, is presented. The theory does not depend on phonologically null constituents (traces), and in principle can permit the extraction of any non-head constituent, regardless of whether that constituent is subcategorised for by a head. In particular, and in contrast to the theory proposed in Bouma, Malouf and Sag (2001), the theory permits extractable modifying constituents to be analysed as phrase-structural adjuncts.